The Sizewell C dig is set to revolutionize our understanding of prehistory, according to archaeologist Richard Mortimer. This vast excavation, spanning 150 hectares, is uncovering a treasure trove of insights into the lives of ancient peoples, from the Neolithic period to the medieval era. What makes this site so remarkable is the sheer scale of the dig and the diverse range of discoveries being made.
The Neolithic Farmers of Suffolk
One of the most intriguing findings is evidence of Suffolk's earliest farmers, who arrived in the area around 4000 BC. These Neolithic people were nomadic, moving across the landscape to coppice wood for fires and buildings in one area and planting crops in another. Mortimer notes that the pits they dug, which were likely used as camp toilets, provide a window into their daily lives. Despite the acidic, dry soil of east Suffolk, archaeologists have found broken pottery and flints, offering a glimpse into the lives of these early farmers.
The excavation has revealed a 200-year period of farming, from 3700 to 3500 BC, during which these people practiced a particular set of techniques. However, the evidence disappears after this period, suggesting a change in farming methods or land depletion. This finding highlights the dynamic nature of ancient societies and their ability to adapt to their environment.
Monks, Huts, and Medieval Ovens
Another significant discovery is an early Bronze Age hut, dating back to around 2000 BC. This structure, filled with burned flints and pottery shards, is a rare find, with only a handful of similar examples known in north Cambridgeshire. Mortimer emphasizes the importance of this discovery, as it provides insight into the lives of people who lived during this period.
The medieval phase of the excavation has also yielded fascinating results. Hundreds of medieval ovens have been uncovered, suggesting that the land was used for crop-drying purposes, likely for cash crops like flax and hemp. This finding challenges the common assumption that medieval ovens were primarily used for wheat, highlighting the economic activities of monastic communities.
The Impact of Large-Scale Excavation
What sets the Sizewell C dig apart is its unprecedented scale. Mortimer expresses his excitement about the opportunity to study a vast area of land in one location, revealing a comprehensive view of the past. This comprehensive approach is changing his understanding of prehistory, not just in Suffolk but across his entire career.
The excavation's findings will be showcased at the Sizewell Visitor Centre through the Big Archaeology Showcase, offering the public a chance to engage with the discoveries. This event will feature artifacts, family activities, talks, and virtual reality displays, providing an immersive experience of the ancient world.
In conclusion, the Sizewell C dig is a groundbreaking endeavor that promises to reshape our understanding of prehistory. Through its extensive excavation and diverse findings, it offers a unique window into the lives of ancient peoples, from the Neolithic farmers of Suffolk to the medieval monks of Leiston Abbey. This project exemplifies the power of archaeology to reveal the hidden stories of our past, inspiring further exploration and appreciation of our shared human heritage.
